✗ All deserts are hot.

✓ Not all deserts are hot. There are also cold deserts like Ladakh and the Gobi Desert.

Students often associate deserts only with high temperatures, sand, and camels because hot deserts are more commonly depicted in media.

✗ All mountains have snow-capped peaks.

✓ Mountains do not always have snow-capped peaks. Only very high mountains, especially in colder regions, have permanent snow and ice.

Images of famous mountain ranges like the Himalayas often show snow-capped peaks, leading students to generalize this feature to all mountains.

✗ All plateaus have very steep, cliff-like sides.

✓ While plateaus are generally flat-topped, their sides can be gentle or steep. The term 'tableland' refers to the flat top, not necessarily uniformly steep sides.

The description 'flat-topped tableland with steep sides' can be interpreted too literally, making students think all plateaus have equally steep, cliff-like edges.

✗ Plains are perfectly flat everywhere.

✓ Plains are not always completely flat. They can have gentle slopes or undulations, but their overall relief is low compared to mountains and plateaus.

The term 'flat land' might lead students to imagine a perfectly level surface, overlooking the slight variations that can exist in plains.

✗ Mountains are not suitable for human habitation or significant activities.

✓ While mountains are often associated with less human activity due to harsh conditions, they are home to unique cultures, specialized farming (like terrace farming), and tourism.

The challenges of living in mountainous regions (difficult terrain, cold) can lead students to believe that these areas are uninhabited or have no significant human life.

✗ Old mountains are the first mountains that were formed on Earth.

✓ The term 'old mountains' refers to mountain ranges that have been subjected to significant erosion over millions of years, making them lower and more rounded, like the Aravallis. They are not 'old' in the sense of being formed first, but rather 'old' in their geological development and appearance.

Students might confuse 'old' with 'formed first' or think it means they are no longer changing. The concept relates to their geological age and the extent of erosion.